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Stock Market Basics for Beginners

The stock market sounds like a big, noisy place, but at its core, it’s just people buying and selling pieces of businesses. Once you understand what a share really is and how exchanges match buyers with sellers, the whole idea feels much less intimidating. This guide turns the maze of “indices, sectors, and prices” into something you can actually follow.

Inside this topic, beginners learn:

• What shares represent and how companies reach the stock market

• How exchanges, sectors, and indices fit together

• The main reasons prices move: earnings, news, sentiment, and the wider economy

Risk, Reward & Diversification

Everyone loves the “reward” part of investing, but the real grown-up work is learning how to live with risk. Some stocks move gently, some swing like a rollercoaster, and putting everything into one name is usually the quickest way to lose sleep. This guide helps you think about risk in a calm, structured way instead of guessing.

Key ideas covered:

• Why higher potential returns usually come with higher risk

• How spreading money across sectors and companies can soften the blow when one stock struggles

• How to think in years, not in days, when you're planning for long-term growth.

How to Read Stock Charts

A stock chart is basically a picture of how people have felt about a company over time. Once you know what the candles mean, how trends form, and where buyers or sellers keep stepping in, the picture becomes surprisingly easy to read. This topic gives you just enough chart knowledge to support your research without drowning you in jargon.

You’ll get comfortable with:

• What candlesticks show about price movement in a given period

• The difference between uptrends, downtrends, and sideways phases

• Simple areas like support and resistance, where the price often reacts

How to Build a Starter Watchlist

Jumping straight into random stocks is like shopping in the dark. A watchlist gives you a clean, focused way to follow companies before you ever think about investing. In this guide, you build a small, meaningful list of stocks to watch, organised around what you actually understand and care about.

This topic walks you through:

• Choosing a few sectors you can follow without getting overwhelmed

• Picking companies you want to study, not just what’s trending today

• Reviewing your watchlist regularly to spot patterns and build a research habit

Common Mistakes New Investors Make

Most beginners don’t get hurt by the market; they get hurt by their own reactions to it. Chasing hot tips, panicking on red days, or copying what everyone else seems to be doing usually ends badly. This topic calls out those traps so you can see them coming before they cost you money or peace of mind.

You’ll recognise and avoid:

• Emotional decisions driven by fear, FOMO, or social media noise

• Acting on unverified “recommendations” instead of doing your own homework

• Over-trading, ignoring risk, and changing plans every time the market moves